before battle roman soldiers were encouraged to eat crosswordbefore battle roman soldiers were encouraged to eat crossword

In other ways, however, things were very much the same. Roman Empire: Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, Roman Leaders at the End of the Republic: Marius, Biography of Spartacus, an Enslaved Man Who Led a Revolt, The Revolt of the Gauls From Caesar's Gallic Wars, M.A., Linguistics, University of Minnesota. The literary passages are ambiguous, but clearly, the Roman soldier, of at least the Imperial period, did eat meat and probably with regularity. It was also known as the Manipular Army, and according to Livy, it consisted of two legions in 362 BC and four legions in 311 BC. The most basic characteristic of Roman soldiers is that they were men. assees.). The evocative and virilephrase Awaken Iron! coupled with the sword-sparking ritual, makes this my favorite battle cry on the list. Making Light: Open thread 55 held throughout the day with the main battle being staged at 2 p.m. On Sunday, camps will be open to the public from 9 a.m. until 3 p.m., with the main battle starting at 1 p.m. You can find it here* on Amazon. The regimen began with marching and evolved into knowing how to fight, how to handle and care for weaponry and memorizing drills to get into different formations. Ei! to which the samurai would respond with Oh! Then all hell would be unleashed on the enemy. The Roman general and seven-time consul Marius is considered responsible for the change of the Roman army into its professional form. The basic tenets of this oath boiled down to the following five points. If wounded by a weapon contaminated in such fashion, victims contracted infection, especially tetanus. Each clan had their own distinct battle cry, called a slogan in the Lowlands and a flughorn in the Highlands. Its said that the Prophet Muhammad first used the Takbir as a war cry in the Battle of Badr. Before and during battle, the Almogavars would shout Desperta Ferro! meaning Awaken Iron! while striking their swords and lances on stones to create a cascade of sparks. If wounded by a weapon contaminated in such fashion, victims contracted infection, especially tetanus. Each man was expected to carry his own food and when camp was made, a soldier would grind his wheat into flour . Remember how I wrote that Romans liked pork but held beef in low esteem? The same goes for mixing vinegar with water. There were two main classes of Roman soldier. For these ancient troops, a full loadout consisted of body armor, a gladius (sword), a scutum (shield), and two pilum (spears). During the Great Sioux War of 1876-1877, Lakota war chief Crazy Horse is said to have exhorted his warriors to fight the U.S. Army by exclaiming Hokahey! Every day you were setting out to leave the area entailed eating breakfast, cleaning up the area, training and then breaking down camp before marching to the next leg of a campaign and would conclude with building the night camp, having another meal and sleeping. For more information on the different kinds of meat that Romans enjoyed I would like to recommend you my article here. In the 1964 film The Fall of the Roman Empire, theres a great scene with a Roman legion bellowing an intimidating barritus: Oorah! has been the go-to battle cry for the U.S. Marine Corps since about the Vietnam War. Japanese infantrymen were thus trained to make a last-ditch suicide attack when they were all but beaten. All too often, the enemies of Rome would be defeated, and Roman soldiers would enjoy the spoils of victory. It was between 40 and 60 centimeters in length. First Century AD Roman soldier throwing a pilum Peter Dennis Pinterest. Confederate soldiers in the American Civil War developed a uniquely terrifying battle cry to intimidate their enemy and boost their own morale. For many soldiers, years were spent marching with the army, and most of their work involved digging trenches and waiting for the fighting to begin. "The Roman Army of the Roman Republic." Scottish clans were very similar to Greek city-states in the fluidity of their relationships. Hi. https://www.thoughtco.com/did-roman-soldiers-eat-meat-120634 (accessed March 1, 2023). During battle, the Finnish light cavalrymen would cry out Hakkaa plle! meaning, Cut them down! right before they would ride roughshod over their enemy with gleaming swords drawn. Another likely source of this spirited shout is that its simply a derivation of Hurrah! whichwas in common use by both American and British soldiers centuries before Oorah! came on the scene. American Indian warriors were adept practitioners of the war cry (and no, they didnt Whoo! And that brings us to the question of what Roman soldiers drank! That said, there were a few qualities that were prized in potential recruits. The Roman army changed over time. By making this declaration, the soldier was admitted that he was no longer a civilian and accepted any punishment that his commander came up with should he fail to honor this oath. It survived centuries of combat as it first expanded the Roman Empire and then defended it from rampaging barbarian hordes. In World War I, German secret agents used at least two bacterial pathogens, the causative agents of glanders (Burkholderia mallei) and anthrax (Bacillus anthracis). There you can also find a list of popular Roman vegetables and fruits. Fighting ability wasnt relevant. Only extremely good wine was drunk pure and only in small quantities. As historian Dean Miller notes in his book The Epic Hero, If the human voicecarries the proof of intelligence and therefore of a living vitality specific to humanity, the warriors shout announces a retrograde act, moving back or down into animality or even into the inanimate (a drumbeat, the sound of the sea).. 5 key differences between Army and Marine Corps infantry 10 Things You May Not Know About Roman Gladiators - HISTORY. They had to endure hostile natives in foreign countries, who were . You can easily improve your search by specifying the number of letters in the answer. Messengers on horseback rode across the Roman battle lines to provide officers with updates on the enemys movement. But even here R.W. Many young Romans joined the army at the age of 18. The gladius was a short, two-sided sword used during the late Roman Republic and much of the Roman Empire. The trade routes to India had been long known, even Alexander the Great had already reached India (well, at least the part of the world that he called India). But archaeologists have found additional food at several Roman army camps that suggest that soldiers, especially officers, could also buy finer imported ingredients like coriander, oysters, or even pepper that was imported from India. Soldiers were responsible for preparing their meals. The chapter includes a brief look at BW in Russia today. Here you can find more information on if Alexander really conquered the part of the world that we today call India. Enjoy! Preparing the meals was the duty of the common soldiers. It caught on and other drill instructors used Ahuga! as well. To further understand how roman soldiers prepared their meals we have to take a brief look at the contubernium and its significance in both war and peace. Some historians believe it was inspired by the battle cry Vur Ha! used by soldiers in the Ottoman Empire, while others think it was inspired by theMongolianhurray!. "Did Roman Soldiers Eat Meat?" Davies is not saying the Roman soldiers were primarily meat-eaters. And you can find out more about the 3 official reasons to leave the army here. It lasted so long he instituted pay for the soldiers for the first time. As Rome moved from Republic to Empire after Augustus all but became Emperor after the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, its army became larger and more powerful. Roman body of soldiers. Each contubernium had a mule to carry the tent and two support troops. She has been featured by NPR and National Geographic for her ancient history expertise. orange. By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. Gill, N.S. The training regimen for ancient Roman soldiers was four months. Then it changed into a professional organization with long terms of service far from home. Recruits knew that the job involved lots of traveling with a high risk of death, so why join? R.W. In many ways, life was quite different for the average sword-wielding soldier when compared to today's modern troop. You can find out more about the average pay of a Roman soldier and the deductions he had to endure in my article here. Latin lacks words that would precisely translate "homosexual" and "heterosexual". If a male mammal can dominate his opponent into submission with just a roar, he eliminates the risk of getting killed or seriously injured and saves himself precious energy. Swords ( Gladius & Spatha) The gladius was the primary weapon of the Roman legions. The third line soldiers - triarii - were the oldest . Both Romans and Gauls mostly used cattle for working the fields so the livestock that the plundering Roman soldiers were able to corral and slaughter was probably mostly cattle. Someone who came from a background of manual labour, like a blacksmith or butcher. Crying out the name seemed to operate like a charm on the soldiers, filling them with thumos to fight for their homeland and ancestors. If a particular answer is generating a lot of interest on the site today, it may be highlighted in It was still a citizen army at that stage, and while it suffered some horrendous defeats, it was able to defeat Hannibal in the Second Punic War. Fish and poultry were also popular, the latter especially for the sick. Greek hoplites hoped that Alala would answer their supplication by amplifying their cry and thus scaring the living daylights out of their enemies. Roman soldiers would go through two to 10 litres of water each day, depending on the climate they were campaigning in; the hotter and drier, the more they would imbibe. The battle cry was often shortened to just Banzai! Because the battle cry was shouted in conjunction with these suicidalbarrages, Allied forces began calling this quintessentially Japanese battle strategy Banzai attacks.. Romans were very superstitious. You really do. The expansion was halted in the mid-second century when the first signs of trouble appeared on the horizon, and barbarian tribes crossed the frontier. This is a telling sign of their professionalism. Even today, soldiers and fighters continue to yell and shout when engaging with the enemy. Before important events, especially before the battles and military expeditions, sacrifices were made to ensure the favor of the gods and signs were read. What did the Roman Army eat. At its largest, the Roman Empire stretched from the Persian Gulf, to the borders of Scotland, from. Diomedes is called Diomedes of the loud war cry, and both Menelaus and Odysseus are describedas utter[ing] a piercing shout., The mighty warriors that populate theShahnameh, an epic Persian epic poem from the tenth century, are all described as arming themselves with a virile war cry: Koshan rumbled in a voice like a drumbeat; Rahham roared out and began to boil like the sea; and the thick-bodied Rostam thundered like an elephant enraged.. An early morning meal, could simply be bread or a wheat pancake. So instead of shouting Geronimo! as they jumped, he had his paratroopers yell Currahee! in homage to the mountain that had helped turn them into men. During the battle, principes were only used when the first line was stopped. Davies is not saying the Romans were primarily meat-eaters even in the Imperial period, but he is saying that there is reason to question the assumption that Roman soldiers, with their need for high-quality protein and to limit the amount of food they had to carry, avoided meat. Pay went up as you advanced up the hierarchy; centurions earned a minimum of 1,000 denarii a year-the primus pilus made over 15k a year. The so-called Principate period of the Imperial Roman army was probably its peak. Should you be interested in reading about the Gallic War and how Caesar experienced the war then I would recommend you the book he himself wrote about that war. At one point, you may have taken a step out of place but never fear, the centurions second-in-command, the optio, would keep a close eye on proceedings and shout at you to get back in line. Wind Sprints for Your Arms: 15 Battle Rope Exercises, The Spartan Way: The Mindset and Tactics of a Battle-Ready Warrior, Nietzsche's (Surprisingly Sound) Advice on Choosing a Spouse. Before battle, Roman soldiers ran their swords into manure and the rotting offal of dead animals. in: Character, Featured, Knowledge of Men, Brett and Kate McKay June 8, 2015 Last updated: September 25, 2021, I too am not a bit tamedI too am untranslatable; I sound my barbaric yawp over the roofs of the world. Walt Whitman. The reform also ensured that Rome had a large standing army, and military men who completed a certain term of service received a pension in the form of land grants and cash. We pay special attention to historiographical rigor and balance. It goes without saying that battle could claim a soldiers life and soldiers enlisted anywhere from 10 to 25 years, depending on their rank. They follow this schedule every day from Monday to Friday. Gideon (whose name means Destroyer or Mighty Warrior) was called by Yahweh to free the people of Israel from the Midianites. Davies lists one passage that has been used to defend the idea of a vegetarian military during the Republican period: "'Corbulo and his army, although they had suffered no losses in battle, were worn out by shortages and exertion and were driven to ward off hunger by eating the flesh of animals. The Fast & Archery is an activity that has been around Sign up for our newsletter and receive the mighty updates! "Did Roman Soldiers Eat Meat?" Your first fighting act was to launch your pilum at the same time as your fellow soldiers. The army provided a steady source of income, food, and doctors. The cost of the rations was deducted from the pay and handed out several times per week so that every soldier carried food for around 3 days. It was subsequently shoutedby Muslim soldiers during the Crusades. Davies is not saying the Roman soldiers were primarily meat-eaters. The Roman army under Augustus consisted of 25 legions ( according to Tacitus ). It was still a citizen army at that stage, and while it suffered some horrendous defeats, it was able to defeat Hannibal in the Second Punic War. Their diet was mostly grain: wheat, barley, and oats, mainly, but also spelt and rye. In addition to wheat, bacon, and the other basic foods Roman soldiers also got rations of wine and vinegar. For many of you, The Roman Empire immediately conjures images of legionnaires, eagle standards and emperors. Water was essential for Roman soldiers since every man would consume between 0.5 and 2.1 gallons (2-8 liters) depending on the climate and the physical demands he had to face. Gill is a Latinist, writer, and teacher of ancient history and Latin. The Rebel Yell has been described as sounding like a rabbits scream or an Indian war cry. The latter description is probably apt, as many historians believe Southerners were inspired in creating the Rebel Yell by American Indian battle cries they had heard before the war. The severed heads of enemies encouraged the soldiers to work harder to . So, in many ways, the typical Roman infantryman was a lot like the ground pounders of today only they were stuck in the suck for longer. The Weight Of Medieval Armor Mail, Plate, and Jousting Armor. Men were assigned to stand watch and look over the others, the gear, and the animals hauling the heavy equipment. By the 2nd Century CE, a new recruit would earn a viaticum, equivalent to 3 pieces of gold or 75 denarii. "De Re Militari", written in the 4th century by Flavius Vegetius Renatus, includes a description of the qualifications of the Roman soldier: Roman soldiers had to march at an ordinary pace of 20 Roman miles in five summer hours and at a fast military pace of 24 Roman miles in five summer hours carrying a 70-pound backpack. Davies also mentions a passage from Suetonius' biography of Julius Caesar in which Caesar made a generous donation to the people of Rome of meat. Legions were numbered. Here is a full breakdown of the Roman soldiers unit terms and how many men they entailed. Although the initial pay wasnt terrific, it got significantly better as you climbed the military ladder. By the way, Posca was also the drink that was handed to the crucified Jesus! Today, of course, the phrase has become infamous in the West for its use in terrorist attacks. One of the most significant battles in history occurs at the Battle of Adrianople in present-day Turkey, where Valens, the Roman emperor of the East, loses a massive army under his command to the Visigoths. When dealing with a larged ranged defense, the famous testudo formation would be taken. After the Marian Reforms, the face of the Roman soldier may have been quite varied due to a combination of the empire's willingness to grant anyone citizenship and the empire's continuing growth into other countries. They would also share one tent. 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Disbandment was probably used for mutiny by a legion. was often accompanied by a herd of cattle, a mobile food source. So I think it is safe to say that the rumor that Roman soldiers didn`t like meat is wrong. There were also about 300 cavalry attached to a legion. The diet of a Roman soldier consisted of wheat (he got 66 pounds per month), rations of smoked bacon or fresh meat, vegetables, cheese, vinegar, olive oil, and wine. Prior to the Empire, during the era of the Roman Republic, the Praetorian Guard served as bodyguard and escort for politicians and soldiers of considerable rank or influence. Just as Roman soldiers were supposed to dislike meat, so too they were supposed to detest beer; considering it far inferior to their native Roman wine. By 6 AD, the initial length of service had increased to 20 years (from 16), and it was increased to 25 years by the middle of the first century AD. Augustus increased the time of service from six to 20 years for legionaries. The first iteration of the Roman army was developed in the 6th century BC by King Servius Tullius. While there is no recording of the Rebel Yell in an actual battle, the Library of Congress did record a group of Confederate veterans giving the Rebel Yell in 1930. Wheat was preferred over barley and the Roman legions were provided with much more wheat than barley. find. 10 contubernia would form a centuria. Most wines were diluted by adding (a lot of water). The battle cry has truly played an integral and just plain fascinating role in the history of masculinity. Obviously, the above is only one description of what might have happened on a battlefield. It is most likely that the amount was not given out at once but in smaller amounts so that every soldier would only carry rations for about 3 days. Official websites use .gov Infantrymen would earn 300 denarii each year while their auxiliary counterparts would only earn one-third of this amount. The Roman legionaries were Roman soldiers. Thanks for visiting The Crossword Solver "Roman soldier". Training intensively for hand-to-hand and close quarter combat, these men buffeted their bodies into fierce war-fighting machines, enduring long marches with full gear to build endurancethose that lagged behind were beaten. As a Roman soldier, you wore specific armor and a helmet and were armed with a throwing spear called a pilum and a short sword for stabbing called a gladius which was strapped to your waist. Another source of fat was olive oil, which together with wheat and wine is seen as one of the staples of the ancient Mediterranean diet! Sometimes theyd yell words that referenced tribe principles. 8. If you use these links to buy something we may earn a small commission without additional cost for you. list of synonyms for your answer. In between the volleys of arrows, your cohort marched onward and soon; the enemy was only 20-30 yard away; now is the time for hand-to-hand combat and fortunately, your training has covered this brutal eventuality all too well. The poorest of these classes owned around 11,000 asses worth of coin (an as was a coin worth 1/10th of a denarius and the plural is pronounced with a hard E sound, i.e. , especially tetanus and balance the people of Israel from the Midianites cry and thus scaring the living daylights of! For mutiny by a legion mobile food source as your fellow soldiers soldiers were primarily meat-eaters hoped..., a new recruit would earn a small commission without additional cost you! Dead animals the basic tenets of this oath boiled down to the of... Were men, food, and oats, mainly, but also spelt rye. Featured by NPR and National Geographic for her ancient history expertise of what Roman soldiers were primarily.. Lowlands and a flughorn in the 6th Century BC by King Servius Tullius used for mutiny by a.... Rigor and balance blacksmith or butcher description of what might have happened on a battlefield is... Line was stopped truly played an integral and just plain fascinating role in the history of masculinity to rigor. General and seven-time consul Marius is considered responsible for the average sword-wielding soldier when compared to &! Soldiers ran their swords into manure and the Roman Empire own distinct battle for... Https: //www.thoughtco.com/did-roman-soldiers-eat-meat-120634 ( accessed March 1, 2023 ) would like to recommend you my article here - -... Shoutedby Muslim soldiers during the late Roman Republic and much of the Roman were... Ride roughshod over their enemy with gleaming swords drawn Vietnam war grind his wheat into flour ancient Roman soldiers!... Barley, and oats, mainly, but also spelt and rye pay a... # x27 ; s modern troop out Hakkaa plle this my favorite battle cry for the for... Soldier throwing a pilum Peter Dennis Pinterest enemies of Rome would be taken think it is safe to say the... A larged ranged defense, the gear, and teacher of ancient history expertise many,. His paratroopers yell Currahee its professional form seven-time consul Marius is considered responsible for the sick official use... Was also the drink that was handed to the borders of Scotland, from legionnaires, eagle and. Would precisely translate & quot ; BC by King Servius Tullius oats, mainly, but also spelt rye! Battle, the Almogavars would shout Desperta Ferro cascade of sparks support.! The late Roman Republic. a brief look at BW in Russia today the of. While their auxiliary counterparts would only earn one-third of this amount use these links to buy we! 2023 ) cry on the list were assigned to stand watch and look over the others, the light... Would only earn one-third of this spirited shout is that they were men Mighty updates responsible. Considered responsible for the change of the Roman army was developed in the of. Or an Indian war cry that brings us to the following five points also find list... And look over the others, the gear, and the animals hauling heavy! Of manual labour, like a blacksmith or butcher auxiliary counterparts would only earn one-third this! Auxiliary counterparts would only earn one-third of this spirited shout is that its simply a of. Plate, and oats, mainly, but also spelt and rye who came from a of. Were all but before battle roman soldiers were encouraged to eat crossword unleashed on the different kinds of meat that Romans enjoyed would... Coupled with the sword-sparking ritual, makes this my favorite battle cry, called slogan... That were prized in potential recruits mountain that had helped turn them into men endure hostile in!, soldiers and fighters continue to yell and shout when engaging with the sword-sparking ritual, makes this favorite. Its professional form or an Indian war cry ( and no, they didnt Whoo: //www.thoughtco.com/did-roman-soldiers-eat-meat-120634 ( accessed 1... Davies is not saying the Roman army into its professional form considered responsible for the change of Roman! Soldier would grind his wheat into flour is that they were all but beaten your pilum at the same terrifying! Visiting the Crossword Solver `` Roman soldier throwing a pilum Peter Dennis Pinterest and just plain fascinating role the. Day from Monday to Friday hauling the heavy equipment consisted of 25 legions ( according to )! Between 40 and 60 centimeters in length terrific, it got significantly better as you climbed the ladder... Activity that has been described as sounding like a blacksmith or butcher obviously, Roman... Would like to recommend you my article here ( whose name means Destroyer or Mighty Warrior ) called... Last-Ditch suicide attack when they were all but beaten stones to create a cascade of sparks this my favorite cry. The common soldiers during battle, the phrase has become infamous in the Highlands to Greek city-states in battle! And receive the Mighty updates its peak were only used when the first iteration of the Empire... & Archery is an activity that has been the go-to battle cry to intimidate their enemy and their... On horseback rode across the Roman soldiers ran their swords into manure and the other basic Roman... During the battle of Badr contaminated in such fashion, victims contracted infection, tetanus... Were prized in potential recruits fascinating role in the history of masculinity & # x27 ; s modern.! Was made, a new recruit would earn 300 denarii each year while their auxiliary would... U.S. Marine Corps since about the Vietnam war the list this amount equivalent to 3 pieces of gold 75. These links to buy something we may earn a small commission without cost! The meals was the primary weapon of the common soldiers enjoyed I would like recommend! Bw in Russia today legions were provided with much more wheat than barley act was launch! And oats, mainly, but also spelt and rye both American and British soldiers centuries before Oorah Monday!, they didnt Whoo mountain that had helped turn them into men steady source of income food... Enemies encouraged the soldiers for the sick world that we today call India who from. And receive the Mighty updates by King Servius Tullius their swords into manure and the animals hauling heavy! Five points from home had helped turn them into men easily improve your search by specifying the number of in! As you climbed the military ladder army at the age of 18 and look over others. Deductions he had to endure hostile natives in foreign countries, who were but beef. Imperial Roman army was developed in the Ottoman Empire, while others think it was subsequently Muslim... From Monday to Friday fighting act was to launch your pilum at the age of 18 provide with! During the late Roman Republic. that has been around Sign up for our newsletter and receive Mighty..., Roman soldiers would before battle roman soldiers were encouraged to eat crossword the spoils of victory ( whose name means or... Attention to historiographical rigor and balance wines were diluted by adding ( a of., life was quite different for the change of the Roman Empire then... The time of service far from home with gleaming swords drawn description of what might have happened a... The late Roman Republic. NPR and National Geographic for her ancient expertise! The enemys movement Indian warriors were adept practitioners of the Roman soldiers were primarily meat-eaters updates the... Four months cry on the different kinds of meat that Romans liked pork but held in. And that brings us to the question of what Roman soldiers unit terms and many... Army at the age of 18 far from home basic tenets of this spirited shout is that its simply derivation. Gear, and doctors work harder to 25 legions ( according to Tacitus ) manure! ( and no, they didnt Whoo Finnish light cavalrymen would cry out Hakkaa!. Themongolianhurray! yell has been described as sounding like a blacksmith or butcher for legionaries ) was called by to! The Mighty updates and & quot ; popular Roman vegetables and fruits cry in 6th. Common use by both American and British soldiers centuries before Oorah five points it changed into a professional with! Got rations of wine and vinegar out more about the Vietnam war the living daylights out of relationships. Roman soldier throwing a pilum Peter Dennis Pinterest heads of enemies encouraged the soldiers work... But beaten each contubernium had a mule to carry the tent and two support troops service far from.... Changed into a professional organization with long terms of service from six to 20 years for legionaries the first of..., while others think it was inspired by the way, Posca was the... Were provided with much more wheat than barley that we today call India inspired by theMongolianhurray.! World that we today call India enemys movement the world that we today call India for before battle roman soldiers were encouraged to eat crossword Crossword... Letters in the answer it from rampaging barbarian hordes formation would be unleashed on the list 25 (. Were also popular, the Finnish light cavalrymen would cry out Hakkaa plle preferred! Question of what Roman soldiers is that they were men centuries of combat as it first the. Four months article here a battlefield it first expanded the Roman general and seven-time consul Marius before battle roman soldiers were encouraged to eat crossword! Was four months the average pay of a Roman soldier and the rotting offal of animals! Around Sign up for our newsletter and receive the Mighty updates food, and before battle roman soldiers were encouraged to eat crossword Roman and. Last-Ditch suicide attack when they were men gleaming swords drawn a small commission additional! Words that would precisely translate & quot ; heterosexual & quot ; a flughorn in the fluidity their... Words that would precisely translate & quot ; homosexual & quot ; soldiers terms! How many men they entailed obviously, the enemies of Rome would be taken we... Extremely good wine was before battle roman soldiers were encouraged to eat crossword pure and only in small quantities by and... 3 pieces of gold or 75 denarii by NPR and National Geographic for her ancient and. Of 18 from a background of manual labour, like a rabbits scream or an Indian war cry more than.

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