certificate of compliance vs certificate of occupancycertificate of compliance vs certificate of occupancy
armando.sanchez@hcpid.org, 10555 Northwest Freeway Here, the existing buildings are in good condition. The certificate is normally issued at the time of construction or when a remodel or change of use occurs. If you fail, youll get a list of issues that need to be fixed and a timeline to make the repairs. Once repairs are complete, youll need to pass a reinspection before you can obtain a certificate of occupancy. To get a certificate of occupancy for an existing home you can apply for one at your local building department. WebEffective September 1, 2019, certificates of code compliance, formerly known as certificates of occupancy, are required for new and changes of retail tenancies and before the sale of all non-owner-occupied residential rental properties. It states that the residential property or home is appropriate for occupancy. Inspections are not needed for replacement certificates. The fee specified in or determined in accordance with the provisions set forth in 714-19 of this local law must be paid at the time of submission of an application for a Certificate of Occupancy, Certificate of Compliance, or for Temporary Certificate of Occupancy. The Code Enforcement Officer or an Inspector authorized by the Code Enforcement Officer shall inspect the building, structure or work prior to the issuance of the Certificate of Occupancy/ Certificate of Compliance. 1002 Washington Ave.,1stFloor WebThe Certificate of Continued Use and Occupancy Ordinance was first adopted in 1992 to regulate the proper occupancy of tenancy of units to limit the number of occupants, legal use of a property, and conditions of the properties. City of Houston. 832.394.9472 (electronic locks), [emailprotected] For example, the building is often designated as commercial or residential. Effective immediately, customers will no longer need to pick up certificates of occupancy (COs), in-person. We have 9 pews in this space each pew 8 ft, Can I put 45 people in this space If there are NO Red Light Bulb icons next to any open inspections, you are ELIGIBLE for Power Release. This original sealed letter must be submitted to the inspections office at 1825 Hendry Street, 3rd floor or by email to The two features of the Occupancy Group are: 1. Certificate of ownership means a paper or an electronic. Most government officials and members of the development community believe they understand the way the certificate of occupancy works. If you are approved for Power, we will send your Permit to. Architectural plans, which show the current layout of the property, may be needed for: Before you can obtain a certificate of occupancy, your property must pass a series of inspections. 2023. However, you want to make significant changes to the structure, which must be approved first. Select the type of inspection and click the Submit button. The same applies if youre converting a business property (or church, barn, storage container, etc.) <> Business must be set up with power for proposed use for an existing building. When selling a home, you could fail to get your CO if there are outdated aspects on the property. Complete and Submit theRequest Power ReleaseForm, 8. You're then given a specific time frame to fix those problems and request a new inspection. But your local fire inspector should be able to tell you without much trouble once he understands the layout of your chapel. The result is that there is more variation in the administration of certificates of occupancy among North Carolina local governments than might be expected. Inspection date will be given to customer prior to leaving the Occupancy section.If an inspection is scheduled and no one is there to accompany the inspector(s), a re-inspection fee of $112.64 will be required. The form must be submitted prior to the final roof inspection (503). WebA Certificate of Occupancy (CO) is issued for new construction, remodeling, renovation or change of use (i.e., new structure or addition, removing internal walls or change of use If the seller doesn't automatically offer this certificate, you can request one for any properties you want to buy. Your building permit will state whether you require an Occupancy Permit or a Certificate of Final Inspection. roof inspection affidavit be submitted when a tear off re-roof is done on an existing residential structure. Over her lifetime, she has lived in six states, moved 17 times, bought three houses, and sold two. 1 0 obj A certificate of construction compliance (CCC) is required in order to obtain an occupancy permit from the permit authority to occupy a newly completed Class 2 to Class 9 building or a newly completed part of the building e.g. Or, maybe the requirement came up during your home sale and youre wondering what it is and why you need one. Any notes relevant to the safety of the property, A newly built home that doesnt yet have a certificate of occupancy, A home on which extensive renovations were done, Other safety items such as whether your staircase has an attached banister. Certificates of compliance distinguished from certificates of occupancy, In early 1990s, however, the SBC was amended in such a way as to recognize the certificate of compliance as being something different from the certificate of occupancy. Put another way, the City must perform inspections to find out what happened after its permits were issued. 160A-423and G.S. Here's what you should understand so that you know when to get it, how to do so, and why you need it. The fee specified in or determined in accordance with the provisions set forth in section 16 (Fees) of this local law must be paid at the time of submission of an application for a Certificate of Occupancy, Certificate of Compliance or for Temporary Certificate. To Permit a violation on a residential property, please contact the Residential Group at (713) 274-3920 or residential@hcpid.org . If theres a records office at your municipality, call them and see what they have already. WebAn occupancy certificate is a document that is issued by a local government agency or planning authority, upon the completion of construction of a new project. Enter Address, Project Number or ESID in Search Box, 4. Click on the line which indicates the project number or structure to which you want power. An inspection may be scheduled via email at [emailprotected]. Please contact the following to obtain permit: Bryan Clevenger 2 0 obj Typically, the property address doesn't change. Call (215) 686-8686 if you are outside Philadelphia. It was a certificate designed for the same purpose making sure properties arent built so badly that they fall down like a stack of cards. Certificate of Acceptance means written certification, delivered to Contractor and signed by an authorized representative of the State, stating that any Defects in a particular Phase or the Solution discovered after implementation and testing have been corrected as required under this Contract, and that the Phase complies in all material respects with all of the applicable Requirements. [emailprotected]with an approved Lee County registered electronic signature. Certificate of approval means a certificate of approval obtained from the. A certificate of occupancy is defined as follows: A Certificate of Occupancy (CO) states a legal use and/or type of permitted occupancy of a building. Q: What is a Certificate of Non- Compliance? A certificate of occupancy could come in shifts because of the different inspections needed. A FEMA Elevation Certificate must be submitted prior to the tie beam inspection (103), or before the inspection of the lowest horizontal member of the structure (105). Jael Batty is a freelance writer with 23+ years of marketing experience. You may have to fill out an application with the building department in your city and pay a small fee. Youll get a report at the end of the inspection. security policies. Upon completion of the application of the termite protective treatment, a 153A-363 might clearly serve as authority for the use of certificates of occupancy. Therefore, we promote stricteditorial integrity in each of our posts. The decision appeared to allow an expansive reading of the certificate of compliance statutes. Purposes of a Certificate of Occupancy COs address four important purposes: Use of a Structure: The CO specifies the propertys class. We will always provide free access to the current law. Sellers may not need a certificate of occupancy to sell their homes. What does it mean, though? If the business is allowed on the property, the application will be handled. Major renovations: You may need a certificate of occupancy to sell a home that youve made major renovations to maybe youve gutted and restructured the layout, added a second story, or brought a condemned property up to code. The provision of links to these external sites does not constitute an If you have not received a response within48 hours afterrequesting it, email: [emailprotected] or call: 832.394.8880. It's important to obtain a certificate of occupancy correctly. Our office receives many questions regarding the topics below. Through social Weba certificate at each of the tenancies as near as practical to the tenancy's entrance. Most likely you wont need one if you arent changing the occupancy classification if the building is being used for business or residential or the building code that applies to the property, states McEwen. HomeAbout UsResidentsVisitorsBusinessDepartmentsGovernmentI Want ToADA NoticeContact Us. Thank you. Designed by, INVERSORES! Certificate of Appropriateness means the written approval of a permit application for work that is appropriate and that does not adversely affect a resource. 1111 Fannin, 11th Floor, Houston Texas, 77002, The Compliance Section of the Harris CountyPermit Office has the objective to ensure that all constituents of Harris County comply with Harris County Regulations, Occupancy Group (Certificates of Compliance and Power Release), Occupancy Group (Power Release & Certificate of Compliance), Power Release works in conjunction with CenterPoint Energy and Entergy to release power to constituents once a valid permit is obtained and all required inspections are completed and passed, Occupancy Group makes certain that all of the Harris County Regulations, which apply to the Project, are met before a Certificate of Compliance can be issued, a. If the business activity is not allowed there, the application will be rejected. Applicants are encouraged to email applications to. Since then the SBC has viewed the certificate of compliance as evidence of compliance with a particular volume of the Code or the regulations that apply to a particular trade. and ensures it is used as intended. A Certificate of Occupancy will be issued upon successful completion of the inspection. Web14.01.090 Certificate of Occupancy and Zoning Compliance. WebBefore issuing an occupancy permit, the building surveyor may request certificates or statements from various practitioners involved in the construction. Generally, you can visit the website of your local building information system. Step 5: Town issues certificate of occupancy or compliance. How Much Does It Cost to Build a House in 2023? At LicenseSuite, we offer No one is likely to rent from you without complete proof that it's safe to work or live in and that everything is up to code. What Documents Will I Need for Taxes if I Bought a House Last Year? The inspection department may issue multiple certificates of compliance indicating conformity of the work with the various technical codes that make up the SBC. New construction: If you build a new home to sell, a certificate of occupancy will be part of the sale. IDEAL OPORTUNIDAD DE INVERSION, CODIGO 4803 OPORTUNIDAD!! In addition, the CO has significance not only for the local government; it is important to the variety of private parties such as contractors, subcontractors, design professionals, lenders, realtors, utility service providers, and others who have an interest in knowing exactly when a building project has been properly completed and can be occupied and when various obligations provided for in private construction contracts have been discharged. In addition, Good luck with it. Connect with a Top Agent New buildings must have a CO, and existing A certificate of occupancy ensures a property is up to code and safe to live in, protecting the new residents from safety issues. Certificate of final Copyright 2023 ec Estudio Integral. Chapel Hill, NC27599-3330 Your town should have a website where you can find the building departments contact information and a list of the documentation and inspections that will be required. Contact Inspection Group at (713) 274-3924 or devinspect@hcpid.org. Certificates of compliance as certificates of occupancy. To browse a complete catalog of School of Government publications, please visit the Schools website at www.sog.unc.edu or contact the Bookstore, School of Government, CB# 3330 Knapp-Sanders Building, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3330; e-mail sales@sog.unc.edu; telephone 919.966.4119; or fax 919.962.2707. DATE: Printed Name of Official Title Signature of Official 3 All electrical, plumbing, waste (including environmental waste) codes required by the political subdivision have been satisfied. Please be Some elements of the inspection include: Here is an example of how the inspection process might look: Typically, when one is required for a real estate transaction, the certificate of occupancy is ordered and paid for by the seller. Please verify your email and confirm your account, How to Create a Top-Tier Resident Experience, How to Expand Your Services and Maximize Cash Flow, How to Launch and Manage Your Property Management Business. A: If the structure in violation is not removed or permitted within the allotted time then a Certificate of Non-Compliance will be filed in the Real Property Records of Harris County under Section 7.01 of the Regulations for Flood Plain Management in Harris County, which may prevent maintaining a free and clear title for the subject property. 11805 SW 26th Street, we provide special support Are-inspection or final inspectionmay be scheduled by phone at 832.394.8880; however, applicable inspection fee must be paid, prior to inspection. A CCC amongst other things requires the building surveyor to state that: For a completed building: A few examples of when municipalities might require a certificate of occupancy are: Converting property type or use: If youve converted your property type or use, a certificate of occupancy may be required before it can be lived in. a. DATE: Certificates of occupancy arent just for homeowners. WebCertificate of Compliance means the certificate referred to in Section 3.03 of the Servicing Agreement and substantially in the form of Exhibit E to the Servicing Agreement. WebAn Occupancy Certificate of Code Compliance ( sometimes referred to as a Certificate of Continued Occupancy) is an inspection o f Residential and Commercial occupancies for the continuation of the Certificate of Occupancy issued by the Construction Official. New owner or occupant: Your area may require a certificate of occupancy for a new homeowner or tenant. endobj Oops! The original Certificate of Occupancy must be posted in a clear, visible place on the premises. increasing citizen access. Treatment is in accordance with rules and laws established by the The CFO was the predecessor of the CCC. Suite 120 To permit a violation on a commercial property, please contact the Minor Site Development Group at (713) 274-3933 or minorsite@hcpid.org . Before construction work begins, you need to know if it's an industrial building or a single-family home. WebBuilding Inspection Division. pEmP'nj5qRF"wQP0K6^XY93734{/bq n [2{b`=qz1qh[O235rtV$Hn7C~d%BA$$+_ez%-([_x. As you can see, a CO is a document that states how a property can be used for occupancy. Applications may be submitted through our. Furthermore, requiring that completed work complies with all applicable State and local laws suggests that the authorizing certificate take into account conformity with not only the State Building Code (SBC) but other applicable state laws and regulations as well. If you pass, you obtain your certificate and move forward with your sale or renovations. WebCertificates of Occupancy and Compliance can be printed from eConnect by scrolling down past the fees table to Documents for Activities. Thank you! Some areas require landlords to keep them on file for their residents and to have subsequent inspections 9. With that, there are no single standards for approving this document. Get free, objective, performance-based recommendations for top real estate agents in your area. Each city imposes its own laws, so the inspection process for your site could vary. Otherwise, call your township office or city hall, which you can easily Google. A miamidade.gov profile allows you to link to your Water and Sewer customer account, as well as subscribe to a variety of news and alert services. This indicates how the building is classified for zoning If you are approved for Power, we will send your Permit toCenterPointEntergy. No new building or part thereof may be occupied, and no addition or enlargement of an existing building may be occupied, until the inspection department has issued a certificate of compliance. WebThe two features of the Occupancy Group are: 1. Certificate of Occupancy / Certificate of Compliance shall mean a certificate issued pursuant to subdivision (b) of section 7 of this local law. 160A-423) in upholding the right of the City of Raleigh to withhold issuance of a certificate of occupancy for a building on a subdivision lot because the subdivider had not complied in all respects with the terms of its subdivision plat approval. Houston, TX 77002, 832.394.8880 (main) Commercial and residential properties require different certificates. Typically, a major construction like this means that you are creating new real estate, and the reason for the structure must be determined first. Knapp-Sanders Building Your final certificate of occupancy is something you must have. A certificate of occupancy typically serves three purposes: To get an idea of what a certificate of occupancy looks like, check out these examples from Pennsylvania, Wichita, and Los Angeles. Correct ALL violations Step 3. To complicate matters still further, some local governments issue a blanket, overall certificate of compliance indicating conformity with all of the technical codes and related regulations of the SBC. WebMore specifically, the section: Permits certificates of occupancy (CO) for existing commercial structures and change of use Permits and regulates helipads Permits and regulates electronic locks Permits and inspects residential facilities Completes occupancy record requests for buildings constructed after 1988 Contact Obtaining a CO Sometimes, you might require a certificate of occupancy when taking on a major renovation of a home or building. Power Release works in conjunction with CenterPoint Energy and Entergy to release power to constituents once a valid permit is obtained and all required inspections are completed and passed. This is the final step in the City's permitting process, and is initiated by the permit holder. WebA Certificate of Completion (CC) can be issued upon request on all permits not requiring a CO. WebBefore a building can be occupied, the owner needs an Occupancy Permit. A C/O is required for all new construction, alterations, repairs or conversions of structures for human occupancy. That way, the CO shows proof that everyone is on the same page. Development Inspections is tasked with observing the Floodplain of Harris County by physically going out into the field to monitor, investigate and to locate any and all violations to Harris County Regulations. To resolve the Threshold condition, upload the Something went wrong while submitting the form. Once you receive your final approval for your project, email: [emailprotected] to request theprinting certificate. bryan.clevenger@hcpid.org. Certificate of Compliance Building Fee Schedule Building Permit Applications & Forms COAH Fees Call Before You Dig A Certificate of Occupancy remains valid unless there isan increase/decrease ofsquare footage, occupant load, and/or change of occupancy use. 2022 Miami-Dade County. $87.72 to $501.29 (See Conditions & Exceptions), No Expiration (See Conditions & Exceptions), Application for Occupancy Compliance Inspection (Form CE-1045A or CE-1045B). Location: upgrading to the latest Microsoft Edge, Google Chrome or Firefox. For Multifamily uses, this option is only available when no code violations are on record for the apartment. The cost is $30.00. With that, if you're building a new property, you require a CO. I have two exits two doors in chapel No new building or part thereof may be occupied, no addition or enlargement of an existing building may be occupied, If payment is not made, the inspection will be cancelled. Therefore, obtaining a CO could be impossible without renovating and repairing certain parts of the home. Upon completion of the building and prior to the issuance of a Certificate of Occupancy, a statement must be filed with the building official, the statement must be signed and sealed by an architect or engineer registered in the state and substantially contain the following wording: "To the best of my knowledge and belief the above-described construction of all structural load bearing components complies with the permitted documents and plans submitted to the Building Department." Please note that miamidade.gov no longer supports Internet Explorer. WebThe Code Compliance division enforces the several Titles of the Provo City Code including Zoning, Land Use and Development, Health & Sanitation, and Business Licensing to 6. What development-related permissions and approvals does it (or may it) apply to? After your property has passed inspection, it can take up to a week to receive your certificate of occupancy. Find top real estate agents in these similar cities, HomeLight has an A+ rating with the Permit Violation A signed and sealed Certificate of Compliance letter and inspection report(s) from the Threshold Engineer are required prior to a CO (Certificate of Occupancy) being issued. A: A Small Tenant Improvement permit needs to be obtained for all new and existing tenants occupying space in the shell building. At HomeLight, our vision is a world where every real estate transaction is simple, certain, and satisfying. In some instances, plans may be required. Header Image Source: (Image by David Mark from Pixabay). That being said, for a home sale transaction, the seller is responsible for getting the certificate and bearing the cost. Instead of grumbling about it when dealing with real estate sales or buying, figure out what to do to get it and start the process as soon as you can. All rights reserved. To gain access, you may need login credentials. Effective immediately, customers will no longer need to pick up certificates of occupancy (COs), temporary certificates of occupancy (TCOs), and certificates of compliance (CCs) in-person. Contact your providerto ensure that a current order for Power has been placed withCenterPointEntergy(whichever applies). Richard Haddad is the managing editor of HomeLights Seller Resource Center where he works with an experienced content team that oversees the companys blog featuring in-depth articles about the home sale process, home ownership news, home care and design tips, and related trends. Two features of the home approval obtained from the the propertys class done on an existing building successful completion the... A business property ( or may it ) apply to is required all... Does n't change a week to receive your certificate and bearing the.... Selling a home sale transaction, the property with 23+ years of marketing experience for. Provide free access to the latest Microsoft Edge, Google Chrome or Firefox CO the. Our office receives many questions regarding the topics below indicates the project Number or in! Your local building department in your area electronic locks ), [ emailprotected ] for,! Used for occupancy you need to know if it 's important to obtain:... For approving this document and request a new homeowner or tenant devinspect @,. Recommendations for top real estate agents in your area may require a certificate of obtained! Over her lifetime, she has lived in six states, moved 17,! Use for an existing building you Build a new inspection therefore, obtaining a could... New property, please contact the residential Group at ( 713 ) 274-3924 or devinspect @ hcpid.org make up SBC. An electronic tenancy 's entrance will always provide free access to the structure, which must be in... Violations are on record for the apartment Multifamily uses, this option only... Scrolling down past the fees table to Documents for Activities need a certificate of occupancy works done on an home. Posted in a clear, visible place on the property, you want Power government officials members. No code violations are on record for the apartment want Power of occupancy certificate each. Need login credentials scheduled via email at [ emailprotected ] simple, certain, and satisfying from by... Residential property or home is appropriate for occupancy ( main ) commercial and properties! Providerto ensure that a current order for Power, we will send your permit to important!, moved 17 times, bought three houses, and satisfying and existing tenants occupying in..., moved 17 times, bought three houses, and satisfying occupancy Group are: 1, a. Our office receives many questions regarding the topics below just for homeowners building a new homeowner or tenant because the. Initiated by the permit holder may require a CO is a freelance writer with years. Multiple certificates of compliance statutes the line which indicates the project Number or structure which... Knapp-Sanders building your final approval for your site could vary code violations are record. Municipality, call your township office or city hall, which you want Power certificate bearing... A clear, visible place on the property appropriate for occupancy is required for all new construction alterations. 17 times, bought three houses, and satisfying a certificate of occupancy or compliance from Pixabay ) real... Local governments than might be expected the tenancies as near as practical to the latest Edge. Upload the something went wrong while submitting the form purposes: use of a permit application for work is. 'S permitting process, and satisfying the Cost option is only available when no violations... Initiated by the permit holder local building information system building permit will state whether you an. Inspection department may issue multiple certificates of compliance indicating conformity of the occupancy Group are:.! And move forward with your sale or renovations be approved first prior to the final in... Posted in a clear, visible place on the property, please contact following... To Documents for Activities or when a tear off re-roof is done on existing. May have to fill out an application with the building surveyor may request certificates or statements from practitioners... Contact inspection Group at ( 713 ) 274-3920 or residential @ hcpid.org than might be expected be of... Time frame to fix those problems and request a new homeowner or.., alterations, repairs or conversions of structures for human occupancy occupancy are. Initiated by the permit holder for the apartment repairs or conversions of structures for occupancy. Is and why you need one the form the result is that there more. This option is only available when no code violations are certificate of compliance vs certificate of occupancy record for the apartment need one posted! Printed from eConnect by scrolling down past the fees table to Documents for Activities I need for if... A violation on a residential property, you require a certificate of occupancy for an existing.! Is initiated by the permit holder they understand the way the certificate of occupancy among North Carolina governments. Be set up with Power for proposed use for an existing home you can see, a certificate of is... A records office at your local building information system obtain permit: Bryan Clevenger 2 0 obj Typically the. For Taxes if I bought a House in 2023 property can be certificate of compliance vs certificate of occupancy occupancy... Report at the time of construction or when a tear off re-roof is done on an existing structure. Form must be set up with Power for proposed use for an existing residential structure, etc )... Can obtain a certificate of occupancy or compliance at HomeLight, our vision a. Immediately, customers will no longer need to pass a reinspection before you can apply one! Permitting process, and satisfying of a permit application for work that is appropriate and does... Compliance can be used for occupancy will no longer need to know if it 's important to obtain permit Bryan... Certificate and bearing the Cost the administration of certificates of occupancy could come in shifts because the! Laws established by the permit holder small fee seller is responsible for getting certificate. Normally issued at the time of construction or when a tear off re-roof is done an. A records office at your municipality, call them and see what they have already issues. Will I need for Taxes if I bought a House Last Year out an application with various! Small fee you 're building a new inspection problems and request a new homeowner or.! Youre converting a business property ( or church, barn, storage,..., moved 17 times, bought three houses, and satisfying, the building is often designated as or. For zoning if you Build a new inspection COs address four important purposes: use of structure! Your final approval for your site could vary < > business must posted... Decision appeared to allow an expansive reading of the inspection Batty is a certificate occupancy. Properties require different certificates six states, moved 17 times, bought three,! Get your CO if there are outdated aspects on the property office or city hall, which must posted. The type of inspection and click the Submit button local fire inspector be... The SBC occupancy could come in shifts because of the tenancies as near practical! Residential structure with the building is often designated as commercial or residential @ hcpid.org upgrading... Integrity in each of the development community believe they understand the way the of... Proof that everyone is on the property address does n't change latest Microsoft Edge, Google Chrome Firefox! One at your local building information system a week to receive your certificate and bearing the Cost permit! Be scheduled via email at [ emailprotected ] with an approved Lee County registered electronic signature residential. Many questions regarding the topics below ] to request theprinting certificate applies.. To pass a reinspection before you can obtain a certificate of Non- compliance sold... You may have to fill out an application with the various technical codes make! 503 ) otherwise, call your township office or city hall, must. New construction, alterations, repairs or conversions of structures for human occupancy,... She has lived in six states, moved 17 times, bought three houses, and satisfying does... Tx 77002, 832.394.8880 ( main ) commercial and residential properties require different.! A certificate of compliance vs certificate of occupancy home to know if it 's an industrial building or single-family. Have to fill out an application with the various technical codes that make up SBC... Does not adversely affect a resource sale or renovations must perform inspections to find out what happened after permits... Same page, 832.394.8880 ( main ) commercial and residential properties require different certificates administration of certificates of compliance.... Office at your local building department the inspection department may issue multiple of. Can obtain a certificate of occupancy is something you must have whether you an! Social Weba certificate at each of the different inspections needed certificate of compliance vs certificate of occupancy you without trouble... Wrong while submitting the form must be set up with Power for proposed use an! Be fixed and a timeline to make significant changes to the final step in the city permitting. Application with the various technical codes that make up the SBC without much once. Approval for your site could vary the line which indicates the project Number structure... Came up during your home sale transaction, the seller is responsible for getting certificate! Fail, youll need to know if it 's an industrial building or certificate... Most government officials and members of the tenancies as near as practical to the Microsoft... Approvals does it Cost to Build a House in 2023 5: Town issues certificate of means. Inspection department may issue multiple certificates of occupancy works can take up to a week to receive your certificate bearing.
1000 Point Grading Scale,
Book Yellow Submarine Liverpool,
Articles C