5 facts about europe's topography5 facts about europe's topography
Most Greek gods and goddesses are representations of the active physical elements that made up the local landscape. Associated vegetation and soil forms also show continual variety, but only portions of the dominant woodland that clothed most of the continent when humans first appeared now remain. City-states were unique in that they were governed not by a hereditary ruler, but by a political body that represented its citizens. The Grand Canal, Venice, Italy. Luxembourg is landlocked, separated from the North Sea by Belgium.. 4. Estos incluyen el aumento del nivel del mar; la reduccin de los glaciares de montaa; aceleracin del derretimiento del hielo en Groenlandia, la Antrtida y el rtico; y cambios en los . Not only is it pretty huge (2.5 times the size of Mount Vesuvius, which so famously buried Pompeii), but it is also one of the most active volcanoes in the world. (South of Northern Ireland is the separate country of Ireland, which gained its independence from the U.K. in 1937.) Many Muslim organizations, however, saw the cartoons as bigoted, racist, and insulting. Flag. Actually, geographically Russia and former Soviet republics are Europe and always have been. It borders nine neighbors, more than any other European country. Huge herds of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) feed on these tiny plants.The taiga, which stretches across northern Europe just south of the tundra, is composed of coniferous forests, with trees such as pine, spruce, and fir. Map created by National Geographic Maps. The Bosporus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles conclude the Asian boundary. Only Oceania has less landmass. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. A study completed by the Berlin Institute for Population and Development found that Scandinavia, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, western Germany, Switzerland, Slovenia, Austria, and France have the best prospects of supporting vibrant and economically successful societies. Rocks of all geologic periods are exposed, and the operation of geologic forces during an immense succession of eras has contributed to the molding of the landscapes of mountain, plateau, and lowland and has bequeathed a variety of mineral reserves. Si prega di abilitare JavaScript. Wcz obsug JavaScript. 11. This program must not only highlight the citys unique cultural heritage, but also feature new events that unite a range of cultural practices from across Europe. More than half of Europe consists of lowlands, standing mostly below 600 feet (180 metres) but infrequently rising to 1,000 feet (300 metres). Germany's location at the heart of Europe has shaped its history both for good and bad. Fewer than a million people are fluent in Romansch. Ukraine is the world's largest producer of sunflower seeds, and across every part of Ukraine, you'll see stunning fields of these yellow blooms. Not only is Mount Etna the highest volcanic peak in Europe but it is still active. In spite of its internal diversity, Europe has thus functioned, from the time it first emerged in the human consciousness, as a world apart, concentratingto borrow a phrase from Christopher Marloweinfinite riches in a little room.. Thrace is the western part of Turkey on the European continent.. Grades 6 - 12+ Subjects Arts and Music, Economics, Geography, Human Geography, Social Studies, World History Photograph Europe Europe is the western peninsula of the giant "supercontinent" of Eurasia. The program has provided a lasting economic boost to cities and regions, raised their international profiles, and enhanced their images in the eyes of their own inhabitants.Each year, two or three cities are chosen to produce a year-long program of cultural events. Mountain ranges, such as the Alps and the Carpathian mountains, have a highland climate with large variations according to altitude and latitude. Europe's most significant geological feature is the dichotomy between the highlands and mountains of Southern Europe and a vast, partially underwater, northern plain ranging from Great Britain in the west to the Ural Mountains in the east. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Some of these facts about Europe are newer than others. The 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference was held in Copenhagen, Denmark. Each country could easily make a contribution with an interesting fact as the landscape changes so dramatically across small spaces, unlike other continents. The spacious eastern steppes and, to the west and north, primeval forests as yet only marginally touched by human occupancy further underlined environmental contrasts. The EU accepts few candidates: member states must maintain a stable, democratic form of government, a free-market economy, and commitment to the rule of law.The rapid growth of the European Union, however, has caused a number of administrative and political tensions. Can you think of anything notable you think I should have included? When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. Sub-regions such as Iberia and Italy contain their own complex features, as does mainland Europe itself, where the relief contains many plateaus, river valleys, and basins that complicate the general trend. Bitte aktivieren Sie JavaScript. Europe's eastern frontier is usually delineated by the Ural Mountains in Russia, which is the largest country by land area in the continent. Turkey and Cyprus in particular, while geologically Asian, possess elements of European culture and may be regarded as parts of Europe. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. Asia is not Europe ;-). The map was produced using a Lambert conformal conic projection, with standard parallels at 40 degrees north . This idea of citizenshipof being connected to and having a voice in your communitybecame the basic building block of democracy. As to the territorial limits of Europe, they may seem relatively clear on its seaward flanks, but many island groups far to the north and westSvalbard, the Faroes, Iceland, and the Madeira and Canary islandsare considered European, while Greenland (though tied politically to Denmark) is conventionally allocated to North America. A growing percentage of people in urban areas are employed in a wide range of service activities, which have come to dominate the economies of most countries. The Anatolian peninsula is the westernmost point of Asia, divided from Europe by the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits. Economically, Russia and former Soviet states are not part of what we think of as Europe these days, because they are not part of the European Union. There are also central highlands and deserts features in the south. The Brde (German: edge) belt lies at the northern foot of the Central European Uplands and the Carpathians. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Examples of such physiographic features can be found in the Southern Uplands of Scotland, the Massif Central of France, the Meseta Central of Spain, and the Bohemian Massif. The Mediterranean Sea to the south separates Europe from Africa. The debate surrounding the cartoons also intensified strained relations between the Islamic world and the West.In 2010, the French government dismantled illegal immigrant camps throughout France. The population of the City of Brussels is ~175,000. Il sito web di CORDIS prevede che JavaScript sia abilitato per funzionare correttamente. The landlocked countries in Europe are: Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Hungary, Kosovo, Liechtenstein (which is doubly landlocked), Luxembourg, North Macedonia, Moldova, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Vatican City. By the end of the war, the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires collapsed and broke into a dozen separate nations. Imperialism is a policy of extending a nations power and influence through diplomacy or military force. CORDIS website requires JavaScript enabled in order to work properly. Another widely endorsed scheme puts the western portion of the Caucasus region in Europe and the eastern partthat is, the bulk of Azerbaijan and small portions of Armenia, Georgia, and Russias Caspian Sea coastin Asia. The low starting elevation makes the Volga a slow flowing river. Sweden has a long history that began with prehistoric hunting camps in the southernmost part of the country. Because of their remoteness, however, all these regions have distinct dialects that differ slightly from their parent language. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. Brussels is considered to be the largest city of Belgium, according to the population of the Brussels-Capital Region. It stands 10,922 feet high on the coast of the Mediterranean island Sicily. Historically, Europe has been a center of immigration. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. Among the struggling economies that may suffer from carbon emission limits are Romania, Bulgaria, and Moldova.Thus, it seems that Europes historic disparities between north and south, west and east, will continue to widen in the future. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Another important physical feature is the southeast-northwest zone of windblown loess deposits that have accumulated from eastern Britain to Ukraine. Author of, Emeritus Professor of Geography, Portland State University, Oregon. Social Sci LibreTexts - Introduction to Europe, National Geographic - Europe: Physical Geography, Europe - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Europe - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), China says EU TikTok ban will harm business confidence, What time is it on moon? All the major bodies of water in Europe have been fished for centuries. 12. The political cartoons sought to engage in the debate surrounding Muslim extremism. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. Some critics argue these attitudes are xenophobic. About a quarter of marine mammals are threatened.Today, around 15 percent of Europe's animal species are threatened or endangered, mainly by habitat loss, pollution, overexploitation, and competition from invasive species. Topography often records the various elevations of an area using a topographical map. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. The lowest terrain in Europe, virtually lacking relief, stands at the head of the Caspian Sea; there the Caspian Depression reaches some 95 feet (29 metres) below sea level. The link between these peninsulas has made Europe a dominant economic, social, and cultural force throughout recorded history.Europe's physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately.Europe can be divided into four major physical regions, running from north to south: Western Uplands, North European Plain, Central Uplands, and Alpine Mountains.Western UplandsThe Western Uplands, also known as the Northern Highlands, curve up the western edge of Europe and define the physical landscape of Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, and Denmark), Finland, Iceland, Scotland, Ireland, the Brittany region of France, Spain, and Portugal.The Western Uplands is defined by hard, ancient rock that was shaped by glaciation. All of the events must come together under a common theme or themes. Europe is the western peninsula of the giant "supercontinent" of Eurasia. The Volga River in Russia is Europe's longest river. Critics believe the process of attaining EU membership is too difficult for Europes developing economies. Nations that use the euro as a unit of currency are called the eurozone.Leadership of the EU, split among different branches and institutions, is a working model of international cooperation. By the 7th and 8th centuries, Sweden was known for its trade but in the 9th century, the Vikings raided the region and much of Europe. The tallest mountain in Europe is Mount Elbrus in Russia. Establishing fishing limits, protecting threatened habitats, and encouraging sustainable consumption habits are some efforts supported by European conservationists. Physical features, weather-related phenomena, and local resources had a deep impact on how historic European cultures prospered, interacted, and believed their world worked.The geography and climate of the Mediterranean region, for example, directly influenced Greek mythology. Topography and bathymetry are shown in a combination of color with shaded relief. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. Topography Facts - Earth Science. The North European Plain extends across the country's northern reaches; this flat, lowland terrain is dissected by . They have always been called Eastern Europe which was also, always assumed to be communist and divided by the Iron Curtain. The volcanoes of Lemnos, an island in the Mediterranean, and Mount Etna, on the island of Sicily, were believed to be the forges of Hephaestus, the Greek god of fire. Reindeer herding is still an important aspect of Sami culture, which continues to thrive in northern Scandinavia and Russias Kola Peninsula.Distinct physical features had a lasting impact on how European cultures communicated with each other. Geographically, Turkey forms a natural land bridge between the old world continents of Asia, Africa and Europe. From the Greek perspective then, Europa was culturally backward and scantily settled. Europe has less precipitation in the east than in central and western Europe. Updated: 07/28/2022 Table of Contents The Holocaust was the mass murder of Jews under the Nazi regime. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. Glaciers are found in a surprisingly large number of European countries, including Iceland, Norway, Spain, France, Switzerland, Austria and Germany. Of the top 10 largest lakes in Europe, 6 are in Russia, although 1 partly sits in Estonia. The southern regions are mountainous while moving north the terrain descends from the high Alps, Pyrenees, and Carpathians, through hilly uplands, into broad, low northern plains, which are vast in the east. The nation of Germany was divided in two. During this time, a number of anti-communist revolutions swept central and eastern Europe. Continental shelvesformer land surfaces that have been covered by shallow seasare a feature of peninsular Europe, while the coasts themselves are both submerged or drowned, as in southwestern Ireland and northwestern Spain, and emergent, as in western Scotland and southern Wales, where raised former beaches are in evidence. ft. home is a 4 bed, 4.0 bath property. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The principal articles discussing the historical and cultural development of the continent include history of Europe; European exploration; Western colonialism; Aegean civilizations; ancient Greek civilization; ancient Rome; Byzantine Empire; and Holy Roman Empire. These ideas have been tested during times of peace and military conflict, and continue to be redefined today.Historic IssuesEuropes early political history can be traced back to ancient Greece and Rome, both of which profoundly affected how Western civilizations govern their territories and citizens.Described as the birthplace of democracy, ancient Greece revolved around the polis, or city-state. Although this area remains heavily forested, the continent's forests were drastically reduced as a result of intense urbanization throughout human history. For discussion of major cities of the continent, see specific articles by namee.g., Rome, Warsaw, and London. Moose, bear, and elk (Cervus canadensis) are native to the European taiga.Just south of the taiga is a mixture of coniferous and deciduous trees, including beech, ash, poplar, and willow. It is the continent's second largest island (after Great Britain). Developed countries, however, are also facing economic challenges. Imperialism is a policy that has been used throughout history, most notably by European powers and the United States. Le site web de CORDIS ncessite lactivation de JavaScript pour fonctionner correctement. Its major peninsulas include Jutland and the Scandinavian, Iberian, Italian, and Balkan peninsulas. Southward of the limits of the northern glacial ice are vales and hills, with the Paris and London basins typical examples. Today much of topography is focused on creating 3D representations of the Earth's surface. A fjord is a long and narrow inlet of the sea that is surrounded by high, rugged cliffs. Greater relief is found in those areas in the heart of western and central Europe where uplifted and faulted massifs survive from the Hercynian orogeny, a late Paleozoic period of mountain formation. Glaciation too has left its mark over wide areas, and the processes of erosion and deposition have created a highly variegated and compartmentalized countryside. Indebted countries must now deal with strict budgets and declining incomes while more financially stable countries are forcing taxpayers to help fund the financial rescue.The status of immigrants is also a source of tension and debate in Europe. A convenient division is made by a line linking the base of the peninsula of Jutland with the head of the Adriatic Sea. The northern plains are delimited in the west by the Scandinavian mountains and the mountainous parts of the British Isles. It is 1733 meters (5,686 feet) deep and is located near the Swiss and Italian borders, in the area of the Savoy Alps close to the village of Samoens. A landlocked country of towering mountains, deep Alpine lakes, grassy valleys dotted with . 1996 - 2023 National Geographic Society. The highest elevations and the most rugged relief of the European continent are found farther south, where the structures of the Cenozoic orogeny (i.e., from the past 66 million years) provide mountain scenery. 2. Around 10% of the world's population lives in Europe. Please enable JavaScript. There is ongoing debate on where the geographical centre of Europe falls. Fast Facts: France Official Name: French Republic Capital: Paris Population: 67,364,357 (2018) Note: This figure is for metropolitan France and five overseas regions; the metropolitan France population is 62,814,233 The western part of the continent clearly has a high proportion of coastline with good maritime access and often with . It was a barbarian worldthat is, a non-Greek one, with its inhabitants making bar-bar noises in unintelligible tongues. Manmade features such as roads, dams, and cities may also be included. Protests developed across the Muslim world, and demonstrators set fire to Danish embassies in Lebanon, Iran, and Syria. Other political institutions of Rome persist throughout Europe and former European colonies. As observed on Germany's physical map, the country's topography varies significantly from north to south. Italian fashion is also an important cultural export. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [citation needed] These two halves are separated by the mountain chains of the Pyrenees and the Alps/Carpathians. As Ive talked about fire (volcanoes), it wouldnt be right to leave ice out of the geography facts of Europe. It is bounded by the North Sea in the north and west. Traders and travelers also reported that the Europe beyond Greece possessed distinctive physical units, with mountain systems and lowland river basins much larger than those familiar to inhabitants of the Mediterranean region. Editor of, Professor of Geography, Birkbeck College, University of London, 194770. Whats the Difference Between Great Britain and the United Kingdom. With such a large number of nationalities compacted into such a small area, Europe strongly supports individual cultural identities and products.The European Capitals of Culture program, started in 1985, has become one of Europes most important and high-profile cultural events. Ancient Greeks believed it was the home of the gods. Europe is the second-smallest continent, but the third-largest in population. The western boundary is the Atlantic Ocean. [3] [4] It is bordered to the north and northeast by Russia, to the . The northern plain contains the old geological continent of Baltica, and so may be regarded as the "main continent", while peripheral highlands and mountainous regions in south and west constitute fragments from various other geological continents. Europe occupies some 4 million square miles (10 million square km) within the conventional borders assigned to it. The climate supports a wide variety of seasonal crops. In the Pyrenees and the Sierra Nevada of Spain, the highest of the peaks exceed 11,000 feet (3,400 metres). Fortuitously, Europe has no continuous mountain obstacle aligned north-south, corresponding, for example, to the Western Cordillera of North America and the Andes Mountains of South America, that would limit access into western Europe from the ocean. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Biology, Ecology, Earth Science, Geology, Geography, Physical Geography. FAST FACTS OFFICIAL NAME: Ireland FORM OF GOVERNMENT: Constitutional Democracy CAPITAL: Dublin POPULATION: 5,068,050 MONEY:. The major shallow water bodies submerging parts of the northern plains are the Celtic Sea, the North Sea, the Baltic Sea complex, and the Barents Sea. Ethnic Groups / People of Europe are at 87. Europes continuing economic achievements are evidenced by its high standard of living and its successes in science, technology, and the arts. Norway has the longest coastline in Europe. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. 16 S Sunwood Ln , Sandy, UT 84092 is a single-family home listed for-sale at $1,295,000. El sitio web de CORDIS requiere tener activado JavaScript para funcionar correctamente. The population within the standard physical geographical boundaries was 701 million in 2005 according to the United Nations. This description is simplified. Europe's main peninsulas are the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, located in southern Europe, and the Scandinavian and Jutland, located in Northern Europe. Furthermore, the Mediterranean coastlands of North Africa and southwestern Asia also exhibit some European physical and cultural affinities. Europe's population is 741.4 million people. The Kimmel Falls are in Hohe Tauen National Park and are one of Austrias most visited tourist attractions. It even includes roads! In terms of shape, Europe is a collection of connected peninsulas and nearby islands. Arts and Music, Geography, Human Geography, Social Studies, Economics, World History. Lands lying at high elevations can, of course, be lands of low relief, but on the European continent relief tends to become more rugged as elevation increases. 5. geography of Scandinavia facts. Certain countries and regions have even developed an identity or branding focused on specific products and exports.Scandinavian design, for instance, is primarily focused on fashion and home wares. As a conceptual construct, Europa, as the more learned of the ancient Greeks first conceived it, stood in sharp contrast to both Asia and Libya, the name then applied to the known northern part of Africa. For discussion of individual countries of the continent, see specific articles by namee.g., Italy, Poland, and United Kingdom. Sea to the North and northeast by Russia, to the of water in Europe but it is to. According to the United Kingdom, racist, and London citation style rules there! Body that represented its citizens volcanic peak in Europe is a single-family home for-sale. Throughout history, most notably by European powers and the United Nations climate Change Conference was held in Copenhagen Denmark... 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