social science issues related to warsocial science issues related to war

and the Russia-Ukraine War: A Collection Social Science Space is curating resources and publications relating to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the global response to the aggression, the humanitarian crisis unfolding as a result, and what steps toward an end to the violence are available. After World War II, the GI Bill helped millions of veterans to go to college and otherwise readjust to civilian life. Trade-offs. Now, all I see is blood (Herdy & Moffeit, 2004, p. 4). Actually, we have not had a war between major powers since 1945. Students gain a deep understanding of the ways that social scientists and historians have analyzed the identities, experiences, and worldviews of U.S. military veterans. When sexual assaults and sexual harassment are added to the crimes mentioned to respondents, between 22 percent and 84 percent of women report being raped, sexually assaulted, and/or sexually harassed while serving. The secret way to war: The Downing Street memo and the Iraq Wars buried history. Overview: The short response activities in the webtext throughout this course are designed to show your understanding of key concepts as you engage with course content. This fear can take a psychological toll on all members of these families, but perhaps especially on children. Many antiwar protests in the United States focused on the civilian suffering from napalm. However, later investigation revealed that the attack never occurred and that the White House lied to Congress and the American people (Wells, 1994). Americas defense meltdown: Pentagon reform for President Obama and the new Congress Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Social science issues related to war. (2012). Women veterans who have been raped or sexually assaulted also have higher rates of drug abuse, unemployment, and homelessness. Want to create or adapt books like this? New York Times, p. B4. Wrangham, R. W. (2004). War between nations is called international war, while war within nations is called civil war. Sugden focuses on three populations susceptible to negative mental health consequences: Those consuming the images, videos, and audio of the war through social media apps, television, radio, and the web. Most of these victims were civilians, and most of these civilian deaths were the result of actions by the United States and its allies. Social studies is an integrated research field. Identify two social science issues related to education. For example, the Iraq war that began in 2003 involved two countries more than any others, the United States and Iraq. First, it excludes several military-related costs such as veterans benefits and interest on the national debt from past military spending. As this brief discussion suggests, US veterans have many unmet needs. Washington, DC: Author. "Surprisingly, the civilians within the conflict . Arias, O. Unwarranted Influence: Dwight D. Eisenhower and the military-industrial complex. Future research will no doubt build on existing studies to further illuminate this significant problem. According to the Education Research Center, United States, around 7,000 high school students drop out of school every day.The high drop out rates are propelled by social issues in education as mentioned above. Usually included within the social sciences are cultural (or social) anthropology, sociology, psychology, political science, and economics. This episode of the Social Science of War podcast examines the challenges posed by cyber . ABC News. Obamas damaging blow to our military. Historically and also today, nations in the Middle East and elsewhere have gone to war or are otherwise in conflict because of religious differences. Third, most people are not violent, and most soldiers have to be resocialized (in boot camp or its equivalent) to overcome their deep moral convictions against killing. Retrieved from http://www.america.gov/st/diversity-english/2008/February/20080225120859liameruoy0.9820215.html. The Nation. Shusman, B. A popular explanation comes from the field of evolutionary biology and claims that a tendency toward warfare is hardwired into our genetic heritage because it conferred certain evolutionary advantages. New York Times, p. A1. This latter fact needs some explanation. A related problem is suicide. Of these reported cases, only one-fifth went to trial, and only half of these defendants were convicted. Retrieved from http://fcnl.org/assets/flyer/taxchart11.pdf. By any measure, then, the US military has played a fundamental role, for better or worse, in the nations foreign affairs historically and also today. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. These experts say the military budget is bloated for at least four reasons. One Iraq veteran with these problems is Tom Marcum, who came home with a brain injury, PTSD, and fits of violence and short-term memory loss. Figure 16.3 International Military Spending, 2010. Other types of less obvious social changes have also resulted from various wars. In World War II, Tirman adds, the United States dropped two atomic bombs that killed tens of thousands of civilians, and it joined its allies in the carpet bombing of German and Japanese cities that also killed hundreds of thousands. The wealthy European countries that compose the bulk of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), an international consortium, spend 2.5 percent of their total economy (gross domestic product, or GDP) on their militaries. Most arms exports from the United States and other exporters go to developing nations. SOC SCI 132. 9.5 million children receiving low-income health care (Medicaid), 1.7 million students receiving full-tuition scholarships at state universities, 1.6 million Head Start slots for children. Combining data on both types of exports, the United States sent $12.2 billion in arms deliveries to other nations in 2010. Stopping Americas most lethal export. The suicide rate of the general population is only 11.3 deaths per 100,000 population. Explores key concepts, issues, and trends in the interdisciplinary field of veterans studies. US veterans: By the numbers. The United States has been at war in one-fifth of the years it has existed (Bumiller, 2010). As a result, observes one economics writer, most Europeans have universal health care, deeply subsidized education (including free university tuition in many countries), modern infrastructure, good mass transit, and far less poverty than the United States has. Why nations go to war: A sociology of military conflict. 1.2 Sociological Perspectives on Social Problems, 1.3 Continuity and Change in Social Problems, 2.1 The Measurement and Extent of Poverty, 2.2 Who the Poor Are: Social Patterns of Poverty, 3.1 Racial and Ethnic Inequality: A Historical Prelude, 3.5 Dimensions of Racial and Ethnic Inequality, 3.6 Explaining Racial and Ethnic Inequality, 3.7 Reducing Racial and Ethnic Inequality, 4.4 Violence against Women: Rape and Sexual Assault, 5.2 Public Attitudes about Sexual Orientation, 5.3 Inequality Based on Sexual Orientation, 5.4 Improving the Lives of the LGBT Community, 6.3 Life Expectancy and the Graying of Society, 6.4 Biological and Psychological Aspects of Aging, 6.6 Reducing Ageism and Helping Older Americans, 7.5 Drug Policy and the War on Illegal Drugs, 7.6 Addressing the Drug Problem and Reducing Drug Use, 10.2 Sociological Perspectives on the Family, 10.3 Changes and Problems in American Families, 11.1 An Overview of Education in the United States, 11.2 Sociological Perspectives on Education, 11.3 Issues and Problems in Elementary and Secondary Education, 11.4 Issues and Problems in Higher Education, 12.2 Sociological Perspectives on Work and the Economy, 13.1 Sociological Perspectives on Health and Health Care, 13.2 Global Aspects of Health and Health Care, 13.3 Problems of Health in the United States, 13.4 Problems of Health Care in the United States, 14.2 Sociological Perspectives on Urbanization, 15.1 Sociological Perspectives on Population and the Environment, 15.4 Addressing Population Problems and Improving the Environment, 16.1 Sociological Perspectives on War and Terrorism, 16.4 Preventing War and Stopping Terrorism. The Three "Waves" That Built the Portfolio. Slate. Washington, DC: Center for International Policy. By contrast, The SAGE Encyclopedia of War: Social Science Perspective views war through the lens of the social sciences, looking at the causes, processes and effects of war and drawing from a vast group of fields such as communication and mass media, economics, political science and law, psychology and sociology. (2011). Audit of Pentagon spending finds $70 billion in waste. Einhorn, C. (2011, September 28). This individualistic focus risks neglecting the core issue: the role of a social world, invariably targeted in war and yet still embodying the capacity of survivor populations to manage their suffering, adapt and recover on a collective basis. Sometimes, as with the US entrance into World War II after Pearl Harbor, these decisions are sincere and based on a perceived necessity to defend a nations people and resources, and sometimes these decisions are based on cynicism and deceit (Solomon, 2006). A central part of US military strategy in Vietnam involved destroying rice fields and the rest of the countryside to make it difficult for the Vietcong forces to engage in guerrilla warfare. In addition, half of American children need food stamps at some time before becoming adults, while this problem is far rarer in Europe. (2011, June 17). Bombs containing napalm made by Dow Chemical were routinely used by the US military and its South Vietnamese allies during the Vietnam War to defoliate the countryside and to attack various targets. This change is widely credited with helping spur the hopes of southern African Americans that racial desegregation would someday occur in their hometowns (McKeeby, 2008). Causes of war. Wheeler, W. T. (2009). For example, the F-35 fighter aircraft has been plagued with management problems, huge cost-overruns, [and] substantial performance shortfalls, according to a recent news report (Kaplan, 2012). Aggression and Violent Behavior, 15, 267277. This diversion of funds is unfortunate, but it might still be necessary if the high level of US military spending is needed to ensure the nations security. Values may be influenced by multiple factors including social, religious, and personal views. Tirman describes one Korean incident in which machine gun fire from US warplanes killed about one hundred civilian refugees who were resting on a road. When napalm ends up on human skin, it causes incredibly severe pain and burns down to the bone, with death often resulting. However, the calculation for this statement excludes the additional military expenses just discussed, and it uses a misleading measure of federal spending. World War I again provides an interesting example of such changes. History shows that when these resources become too scarce within a society, that society is more likely to go to war to wrest these resources from another society (Gleditsch & Theisen, 2010). Retrieved February 18, 2012, from http://servicewomen.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Rape-Sexual-Assault-and-Sexual-Harassment-in-the-Military.pdf. A social studies essay might be assigned to any middle school, high school, or college student. Identify two social issues related to war 2 See answers Advertisement theblastmaster2000xd Answer: Class war is the most promitent in the united states right now (Coming from a communist and whos father was in the BPP) Explanation: That is a perspective I did not think about. For example, the deaths of so many soldiers during the American Civil War left many wives and mothers without their familys major breadwinner. (2012, January 2). Joshua Risner, US Army, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_Army_51817_ BAGHDAD_-_Iraqi_Soldiers,_with_the_6th_IA_Division,_ familiarize_themselves_with_their_targets_and_prepare_ for_a_PKC_machine_gun_range_at_Combat _Outpost_402,_here,_Sept._28._In_addition_to_ marksmanship.jpg. Before the war, violent labor strikes were common in Britain and other European nations. When one woman who was raped by two soldiers in Iraq told her commander, he threatened her with a charge of adultery because she was married (Speier, 2012). The European nations decisions to limit their military spending allows more spending for social needs. To be blunt, American troops simply shot untold hundreds of Korean and Vietnamese civilians in cold blood. AlterNet. New York Times. War and social change in modern Europe: The great transformation revisited. These deaths stemmed from bombs and other weapons that went astray, from orders by military and political leaders to drop millions upon millions of bombs on civilian areas, and sometimes from atrocities committed by US personnel. A key focus of their concern was the use of napalm. Acting out wars inner wounds. Since Arias wrote these words, the United States has spent more than $5.5 trillion on defense outlays in constant dollars (see Figure 16.3 International Military Spending, 2010), including $1.3 trillion on the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Retrieved from http://business.time.com/2012/02/07/why-we-should-help-veterans-start-their-own-businesses/. To put that another way, between 43 percent and 48 percent of all federal income tax dollars were used for military expenditures that year. . The geopolitical nuclear landscape . Zornick, G. (2012, January 6). Many examples of this impact exist, but one well-known example involves the defeat of Germany in World War I, which led to a worsening economy during the next decade that in turn helped fuel the rise of Hitler. Although education benefits and many other services for veterans exist, the nation needs to do much more to help veterans, these observers say (Baker, 2012; Shusman, 2012). It emerged from china and spread worldwide in a quick time span. Military preparedness does not come cheap. The cause for despair is twofold. Retrieved from http://www.denverpost.com/Stories/0,0,36%257E30137%257E,00.html. This same yearly amount could have paid for one years worth (California cost figures) of all of the following (National Priorities Project, 2012): All these figures demonstrate that war and preparation for war indeed have a heavy human cost, not only in the numbers of dead and wounded, but also in the diversion of funds from important social functions and needs. 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